This tutorial will help you setup The Onion Router (TOR) anonymity software on your computer system with Debian 12 or Ubuntu 22.04 for use as a proxy with browser and any other internet-based applications you want. Please note that Tor works using address "localhost" and port number "9050". Enjoy!

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Goal

To enable Tor proxy on Debian 12 and and enable application such as Firefox browser or command lines to connect to the internet via Tor.

0. Install GNU wget and apt-transport-https  

First thing to do is to login as root and install two tools required for this setup.

$ sudo -i
# apt-get install wget apt-transport-https 

1. Add Tor Repository

Use your text editor (we use nano) to create and edit /etc/apt/sources.list/tor.list text file with the following 2 lines content:

For Debian 12 Bookworm:

deb     [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/tor-archive-keyring.gpg] https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org bookworm main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/tor-archive-keyring.gpg] https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org bookworm main

For Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish:

deb     [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/tor-archive-keyring.gpg] https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org jammy main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/tor-archive-keyring.gpg] https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org jammy main

If you are not sure what is your OS version's codename, check it up with lsb_release -c command line.

2. Install Tor Proxy Software

Once Tor Debian repository is set, you can install Tor software package using three of command lines below. Please remember that here we use GNU wget to get a GnuPG identity to make sure packages downloaded are authentic from The Tor Project.

# wget -qO- https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89.asc | gpg --dearmor | tee /usr/share/keyrings/tor-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null 
# apt update
# apt install tor deb.torproject.org-keyring

3. Configure Tor and System

Make sure tor service is enabled and running using your Terminal. Don't forget to exit from administrator account.

# systemctl enable --now tor
# systemctl status tor
# exit

Configure your proxy settings via System Settings under SOCKS option. 

• Run Settings. 
• Open Network section. 
• Click Proxy "gear" button. 
• Network Proxy dialog will appear and fill in:
  
• Socks host: localhost
• Port number: 9050
• Close
  

4. Verify Tor is Working

You can confirm if you are connected to the internet via Tor proxy by various methods. 

From your web browser (we use Firefox) you can go to: check.torproject.org and you should see the page says "Congratulations!" instead of "Sorry". See picture below.

From your browser too, now you should be able to visit any .onion website (known also as the Dark Web) such as the onion version of Duckduckgo Search Engine. Please note that a proper onion address is now consisted of 56 character length (also known as V3).

From your Terminal, you can utilize curl command line below to confirm your connection via Tor proxy successful. Thank you ki9 from StackExchange for making this command line.

$ curl --socks5 localhost:9050 --socks5-hostname localhost:9050 -s https://check.torproject.org/ | cat | grep -m 1 Congratulations | xargs

This is the goal of our configuration. If you reached this, you finished the configuration successfully. 

5. Disable Tor Proxy

To disable Tor proxy, in general it is equal to simply disable SOCKS proxy utilization in the System Settings. 

• Run Settings.
• Open Network section.
• Click Proxy "gear" button. 
• Select Disabled.
• Close. 

6. Uninstall Tor Proxy Software

Finally, if you want to remove Tor software from your system, that's basically reverting back everything we did above by command lines below. 

$ sudo apt remove tor deb.torproject.org-keyring
$ sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list/tor.list
$ sudo apt update

****

References 

How to check if Tor is working and debug the problem on CLI?

I cannot connect to X.onion!

Debian Repository