This is a tutorial to install Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa operating system into your computer. You can do this to computer either with bios or uefi, in either single or dualboot mode and optionally put it into external hard disk drive if you wish. This tutorial should be sufficient for most users and is intended for people without deep knowledge in computing. You will prepare a bootable media, two partitions, and go through ten steps until everything finished. This article recommends you to install on an empty computer with the specification at least Intel or AMD 64-bit processor and 2GB memory and 20GB hard disk partition. Happy installing!
(Focal Fossa operating system installation process)
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#Index
- Make installation media.
- Prepare partitions.
- Boot into LiveCD.
- Dualboot preparations.
- Booting into LiveCD
- Select Language
- Select Keyboard Layout
- Select No Network
- Select Normal Installation without Updates
- Select Manual Disk Partitioning
- Create Partitions
- Determine Bootloader Location
- Select Timezone
- Create Username and Password
- Wait
- Finish
#Make Installation Media
The size of Ubuntu ISO is 2.5GigaByte so you will need at least 4GB capacity storage. It is either a DVD disc or a USB Flash Drive. The latter is cheaper today so we will use it as example here. I recommend you use at least an 8GB flash drive as bootable media. To create installation media:
- GNOME Disk Utility (recommended) for flash drive
- K3B for DVD
#Prepare Partitions
1) A fat32 partition by >=20GB
2) A fat32 partition by 1GB
3) Only for uefi computer: a fat 32 partition by 100MB.
#Dualboot Preparation
This preparation is only needed if you planned to install Ubuntu alongside Windows operating system –called dualboot– so that you always choose between both ones every time you turn your computer on. You are supposed to know:
- Backup all your data correctly from your existing Windows operating system to external storage.
- Installation of operating system is not the same as installation of application: the former deletes disk partition, while the latter does not.
- Install new operating system in a new disk partition.
- Do not install Ubuntu operating system in disk partition used by Windows.
- Ask technician nearby to help you.
- You can do the rest of this tutorial to install Ubuntu in a separate disk partition alongside Windows in another disk partition.
#Booting into LiveCD
- Plug your installation USB into your computer.
- Power on your computer and enter bios immediately.
- Change boot order so that USB boots first.
- Computer boots up your USB.
- Ubuntu logo displayed on screen.
- Press Ctrl+C to cancel disk checking. (This is brand new feature starting from 20.04.)
- You see Ubuntu desktop with an orange icon Install Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
- Double-click the icon.
- Installer ready.
1. Select Language
On the first page of the installer, select English and click Continue button.
2. Select Keyboard Layout
On the second page, let it be English - United States as you can change this after installation anyway.
3. Select No Network
On the third page, choose "I do not want to connect..." selection and make sure no network connection selected.
4. Select Normal Installation & Deselect Updates
On the fourth page, let it be Normal Installation selected and no selections on Updates whatsoever under it.
5. Select Manual Disk Partitioning
On the fifth page, select Something Else and remember to always choose this manual option.
6. Create Partitions
On the sixth page, you will create necessary partitions of your Ubuntu system. Here you need at least two partitions and if your computer is uefi-based you need additionally one partition. They are system, swap, and EFI respectively as mentioned earlier.Create system partition:
- Select the >=20GB FAT32 partition
- Click Change button
- Let the size be as is
- Set Use as: EXT4 Journaling Filesystem
- If you install Ubuntu into flash drive, do not Use as: EXT4 but EXT2 instead.
- Set Format the Partition checked
- Set Mount point: /
- Click OK.
6. b. Create Swap Partition
- Select the 1GB FAT32 partition
- Click Change button
- Set Use as: swap partition
- Click OK
6. c. Create EFI Partition
For uefi-based computers only:
- Select the 100MB FAT32 partition
- Click Change
- Let the size be as is
- Set Use as: FAT32
- Set Format the partition checked
- Set Mount point: /boot/efi
- Click OK
6. d. Select Bootloader Partition
Still on sixth page, set Bootloader: to be the same address as your system partition but without the number for example if your system partition is /dev/sdb3 then you set bootloader at /dev/sdb. Example below sets bootloader at /dev/sdb as the system partition is at /dev/sdb3.
7. Select Timezone
On the seventh page, select your timezone. For example, as I live at GMT+7 in Indonesia, I choose Jakarta city.
8. Create Username and Password
On the ninth page, create your own username and password. Note that this password will also be your administrator ('sudo') password once Ubuntu installed.
9. Wait
On the ninth page, you will be entertained by Ubuntu introduction which displays how Ubuntu is to you in a gorgeous slideshow with pictures. In this step you need to wait more or less 10 minutes to finish whole installation procedures complete with all hardware drivers needed.
10. Finish
Finally, your screen will display Installation Complete which means Ubuntu operating system installation finished successfully.
Congratulations!
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